Why Condition Your Boiler Water? by Thomas Yoon

Why Condition Your Boiler Water? by Thomas Yoon

A boiler is used for generating steam. It does this by heating
water to its boiling point, after which steam will evaporate
from it.

When you boil a kettle of water, you will shut off the fire
or electric power when the water comes to a boil.

No so with a steam boiler. Generation of steam is a continuous
process. Once a boiler is generating steam, it may take quite
a long while before it is stopped. When steam is evaporated
from the water, new water has to be added in to replace the
water given out.

As more and more steam is evaporated, the water becomes more
and more concentrated with salts and other impurities. If you
use your kettle for a long while, you will see some chalky
deposits inside it.

The fresh water supplied to replenish those lost through
evaporation cannot be pure and free from salts. Even minute
quantities of salt in the water will eventually become so
concentrated as to form scales or deposits. The deposits are
usually calcium or magnesium salts.

These scales are very damaging to the boiler because they
interfere with the heat transfer and can lead to overheating
and eventually, boiler rupture.

Soft water is water that contains very little calcium or
magnesium salts. They are used to feed the boilers. However,
they tend to be acidic in nature.

Acidic water tends to corrode. This is not good for the boiler.
Corrosion can weaken the boiler.

By treating the boiler water with chemicals, we can control
the acidity of the water as well as the softness of the water.
This will solve the problem with scales and corrosion, but it
is not the ultimate cure-all.

The boiler water will continue to become more and more
concentrated as the steam evaporates. The next step to take
is to remove the concentrated water and replenish it with
fresh, soft water.

The process of removing the concentrated water is called
blow-down.

Folks, close your ears!

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Get Hot on Combustion! by Thomas Yoon

Get Hot on Combustion! by Thomas Yoon

Energy in the form of heat is obtained when fuel is burnt in air. The release of this heat energy can be slow or can be very rapid.

When fuel oil is sprayed as a fine mist in the boiler burners, it is able to burn at a relatively slow rate. When fuel is sprayed into the cylinders of diesel engines, the fuel burns in such a rapid rate that explosions occur. Fortunately, these explosions are protected from persons as these engines are called internal combustion engines.

Whatever type of combustion, it is a chemical reaction between carbon, hydrogen, sulphur and oxygen.

C + O2 = CO2
2CO + O2 = 2CO
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O
S + O2 = SO2
2S + 3O2 = 2SO3

Air consists of 77% Nitrogen and 23% Oxygen by mass. For a particular design of combustion air, the theoritical oxygen multiplied by 100/23 will give the theoritical air required.

How do you measure a good combustion. The percentage of Oxygen or Carbon Dioxide will tell us whether the combustion is good or not good.

The lower the Oxygen content in the exhaust gas, the better the combustion. It means that the Oxygen has been fully utilized for burning. It also means that the fuel air ratio is set properly. Too much excess air is no good because the heat generated will be lost through the exhaust trunking.

Boilers are able to achieve a good combustion. Oxygen content percentage of up to 5% or lower can be achieved.

Internal combustion engines have a lot of excess air because mixing of the combustible mixture is a challenge for them. Furthermore, the combustion is meant to provide the power to drive the pistons.

The burning of sulphur in the fuel is a problem for combustion equipment. This is because the byproducts of combustion will create sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide. These will react with the water, also a byproduct of combustion of Hydrogen to form sulphuric acid and sulphurous acid.

SO3 + H2O = H2SO4
SO2 + H2O = H2SO3
2H2SO3 + O2 = H2SO4

However, the effects of corrosion, called low temperature corrosion can be avoided by keeping the temperature above the dewpoint. That means to keep the exhaust temperature high so that water droplets will not form on the exhaust ducts.

Folks, get hot! Too much heat can cause wrinkles!

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and articles related to engineering, and management. Subscribe to facworld ezine
More information at Marine and M & E

Quotes to Think About by Robert Bruce Baird

Quotes to Think About by Robert Bruce Baird

INSPIRATIONAL COMMENTS:

There is a principle which is a bar against all information, which is proof against all arguments and which cannot fail to keep a man in everlasting ignorancethat principle is contempt prior to investigation.Herbert Spencer

Albert Einstein - "We are seeking for the simplest possible scheme of thought that will bind together the observed facts."

"If we do not expect the unexpected, we will never find it."Heraclitus

"Human beings, by changing the inner attitudes of their minds, can change the outer aspects of their lives." - William James

"I feel that if we could be serious for an hour and really fathom, delve into ourselves as much as we can, we should be able to release, not through any action of will, a certain sense of energy that is awake all the time, which is beyond thought."Jiddhu Krishnamurti, Madras, 1961

Heraclitus: " conceded the existence of an over-riding, all-encompassing unity, in which the apparently contradictory opposites are all linked to one another, in a single, regular, cohesive system of balanced, harmonious measure and just order."

Consciousness is a singular of which the plural is unknown. There is only one thing, and that which seems to be a plurality is merely a series of different aspects of this one thing, produced by a deception, the Indian maya, as in a gallery of mirrors.Erwin Schrdinger

I think this means that all the talk about anomalous or truthful science is a bunch of you know what from the ego of man. We are 'connected' and our real self is not our ego. I am also of the opinion that he sees something I think is the nature of reality about the personality that some insist continues in such things as past-life regressions. Yes, perhaps through limbo and obsessions some things stay in this materially focused frame of reference (I have performed exorcisms) but when we are reborn all those memories of other lives are memories of a collective oversoul not anything like an individual soul. Maya and samsara or the 'busy-mind' do indeed deceive as he says - and though a few will gain great insight into the plural they will still be far from totally informed. Thus we must be open to all possibilities.

Inherent to wave mechanics are the mechanisms of wave superposition and parallel and non-linear information processing. And these mechanisms, which are also affected and regulated by the laws of thermodynamics, are responsible for information growth and the evolution of biological matter. Information begets information.Laurent from Gaithersburg, Maryland.

About the Author
My work can be found at World-Mysteries.com and my book Diverse Druids is showing up in fine stores like Omega in Toronto.